I don't think it penetrates the glass, but nicotine is nasty sticky stuff and I believe it can be very difficult to remove! It probably needs a strong cleaner with ammonia, or a bleach of some sort, as just washing won't do it.
I used drain cleaner on a very dirty bit of antique glass, and it still took weeks!

(It wasn't nicotine admittedly, but just what I call 'muck of ages, left for me' LOL

)