Glass Message Board
Glass Identification - Post here for all ID requests => Glass => Topic started by: Anne E.B. on January 18, 2006, 08:37:06 PM
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'Lillicrap's Hone' - something to do with shaving. Is it used to actually sharpen a razor or just to rest one on? Any ideas as to how old it might be, and how it was used? I'm intrigued! It too glows under a UV light.
Thank you as always :P
Anne E.B.
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Anne —
Lillicrap's Hone dates from 1930 to about 1942.
Lillicrap's Hone was invented by Joseph Richard Lillicrap, of "Staincross", Atkinson Road, Urmston, Lancaster (Lancashire). Urmston is an old village west of Manchester on the northern bank of the River Mersey, then the county boundary with Cheshire, which expanded into a middle class residential suburb from 1872 upon the opening of the Liverpool to Manchester Railway. Further expansion came about upon the opening in 1911 of nearby Trafford Park, then the largest industrial estate in Europe. Atkinson Road is just a couple of minutes walk from Urmston station. Before my research Joseph Richard Lillicrap does not appear to have been recognised in Urmston as an historical celebrity.
In 1904 King Camp Gillette finally patented his safety razor, invented in 1895. As the blades blunted quickly, various gadgets appeared over the years that were claimed to resharpen and extend the life of the blades. With many of these it was rather more claim than reality (source: Notley, Popular Glass of the 19th & 20th Centuries, Miller's, 2000). Lillicrap's Hone was a simple and effective solution to this problem, not producing an edge of quite the sharpness of a new blade, but certainly one that would provide a close clean shave — I know as I tried it myself some years ago.
An interesting aspect of the information / instruction leaflet is that it states: The Hone is made in Uranium Glass with a specially prepared surface. The implication is that uranium glass has properties that make it particularly appropriate for its use as a hone. Whether this was marketing hype or based upon some particular quality of the glass, such as its hardness, is not clear. However, it is still the only example I have ever seen of any claim for the special properties of uranium glass.
Lillicrap's Hone seems to have sold well, both in the UK and overseas, and is fairly easy to find in well-used condition with the odd chip or two, particularly to the vulnerable corners and the raised lettering around the bottom edge. Clean, little used examples are rather more difficult to find. This may be explained by two wartime events. One of these was the extension of the CC41 (Civilian Clothing 1941 or Utility) regulations around autumn 1942 to cover ornamental / coloured glass. The other was the Government's confiscation of British glassworks' stock of uranium oxide around the same time. Lillicrap's Hone probably fell foul of both the Utility regulations and the absence of uranium. New razor blades were almost unobtainable by civilians during the war, so it was very much a case of Lillicrap's Hone, a cut-throat razor or grow a beard. Unwanted examples of Lillicrap's Hone would have been sought out and pressed into use, hence the relative scarcity of boxed unused examples. Also, without Lillicrap's Hone, the British government may have had to make beards fashionable and acceptable. So it is perhaps fair to claim that Joseph Richard Lillicrap literally Changed the Face of Britain.
Lillicrap's Hone was press moulded in uranium green or "vaseline" glass by Wood Bros. Glass Co., Ltd. of Barnsley, Yorkshire (est. 1828). It is quite fascinating as the underside is covered by a comprehensive list of world patents with their numbers. The British numbers are: "PATENT No 346057" and "RGD No 756250", and there are also patent numbers for France, Germany, Australia, New Zealand, India, and South Africa. The design was registered between 3rd July 1930 (756075) and 9th July 1930 (756269), which fits well with the launch date of July 1930 from the information / instruction leaflet. The cardboard box was printed with an illustration and all the details in green on a sunburst Art Deco background. The single sheet information and instruction leaflet was printed on both sides. The hone fluoresces vigorously under a pocket UV tester.
Wood Brothers produced a version for the USA that had a quite different inscription, with no mention of the European and British Empire patents, probably as a British design registration number was almost an open invitation for American glassworks to plagiarize. As Wood Bros was well known in America for laboratory equipment, this much simpler inscription featured their company name in large letters.
Please would all readers respect my copyright on this information, and do not re-use any of it without prior permission, which will include a requirement for both acknowledgement and inclusion of my copyright notice. You are welcome to cite this GMB topic at will, without restriction, acknowledgement or notification, although notification by email would be appreciated. Link to it by using the URL http://www.glassmessages.com/index.php/topic,3950.0.html
Bernard C. 8)
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Thank you Bernard - that's absolutely fascinating :P
It hasn't actually travelled far from where the inventor lived. Urmston is just some six miles or so down the road from where I live. I'm amazed that it was used for sharpening razor blades. Although there are a couple of small chips to two of the corners, the 'curve' is really quite smooth and seems unworn.
I don't think I'll have need of this, so will be giving it to my son :lol: I'm sure he'll be delighted to have an object with such a fascinating history, and one with a local link too.
Anne E.B.
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I am guilty of forgetting that GMB members might take me seriously, so re-read my complete post, and found it a little scrappy. So, I have taken the liberty of making a few minor corrections, mostly to the layout and punctuation.
As you will appreciate, this is ongoing research, and there is still much more to discover about Joseph Lillicrap and his hone. I have yet to see the American version, although I did once see a photograph of one on eBay. Not a whisper yet of American, French, or German packaging and instruction leaflets. Nor of any advertising in the trade press. Nor of Mr. Lillicrap's other biographical details. One flight of fancy I had was that Wood Bros may have made a giant, shop-window display model. You never know!
Bernard C. 8)
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Thank you for this, Bernard. It's really interesting to get the historical context of these sorts of things. Makes me view them in a different light!
I can remember my Dad having a leather strop for sharpening his razorblades. :roll:
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I now have two Lillicraps hones, both a little battered, and interestingly they are slightly different, although neither is the American version. One is slightly larger than the other and the text is in a slightly different font (if you can have fonts in glass!).
(http://photobucket.com/albums/b217/lustrousstone/th_PDR_0006.jpg) (http://i20.photobucket.com/albums/b217/lustrousstone/PDR_0006.jpg)(http://photobucket.com/albums/b217/lustrousstone/th_hone1.jpg) (http://i20.photobucket.com/albums/b217/lustrousstone/hone1.jpg)
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Christine — What a wonderful and unexpected discovery.
The implications are interesting, as it indicates to me that at some point in production one press working flat out could not keep up with the demand, so a second mould had to be cut, to allow two teams to work on it.
I think this is more likely than the first mould wearing out, but that could be an alternative explanation.
A third possibility is that the first mould was damaged.
Is there any difference in the wording, such as an additional patent? If so, that could be a fourth explanation.
I think you are perfectly correct in using the term font. I have come to the conclusion that a mouldmaker's hand tools were his own personal property, and that different sets of alphanumeric hardened steel punches were owned by different mouldmakers. So, for example, Sowerby had two mouldmakers in the '30s to '50s period, one with a large serifed font of punches, the other with a small unserifed font. There is a photograph of a Sowerby mouldmaker, probably one of these two, on page 18 of Simon Cottle's book on the glassworks. Only a few years ago we were able to confirm that what looked like a Fostoria American cube sugar/preserve pot was manufactured by Davidson as a result of a perfect match with known Davidson examples of the font, spacing and layout of the punched inscription, although, of course, it did not provide evidence of which of the two companies made the original unmarked mould. This technique is a powerful tool in the quest for accurate attribution. It's rather like recognising handwriting; after a while you find yourself automatically looking for and checking it.
Bernard C. 8)
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OK the text is the same, the various fonts are different and the serif typefaces are probably the same. The moulds are definitel different.
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... I hope that I can justify ... by coming up with some new facts on Joseph and his invention some time in the near future. ...
Pamela, Anne & Sue — I hope this is near enough!
On 13th March Janet and I visited Barnsley Council's Elsecar Heritage Centre, partly to browse around their little antiques centre, and partly to see their bottle museum, which includes a tiny Wood Bros display (about two thirds of one shelf in total).
The bottle museum is small, but packed with wonderful examples of bottles and other packaging. The two best exhibits were a comprehensive display of fakes and forgeries, many alarmingly convincing, and a superb advertising oil lamp.
The Wood Bros display was just Lillicrap's hone and feeding bottles for babies and invalids. Next to the babies' feeding bottles was a carded display of bottle teats, made by William Freeman of Staincross, a small village about three miles north of the centre of Barnsley. Coincidence? No. But it does show that Joseph Lillicrap was rather more intimately involved with Wood Bros and Barnsley than I had previously suspected. As always, one new discovery raises many more questions.
The Lillicrap's hone display was just a hone, the box, and two Wood Bros advertisements. One was from 1936, and claims over 500,000 sold — "Worth a guinea, price 1/-". The second is interesting as it features an amusing cartoon of a bestubbled soldier being told off by his sergeant, and dates from February 1941. Here the hone is "min. price 1/6d inc. purchase tax". Both advertisements are sophisticated and effective motivators, the output of a highly professional marketing team, and, with minor modifications, would be perfectly acceptable today.
Christine — Re your discovery of more than one version, I think the amazing numbers made make the possibility of moulds just wearing out much more likely.
Finally, two aspects of visiting Elsecar.
From M1 junction 36 there are some brown "Elsecar Heritage" signs, but not at all intersections. Make sure you have a good map. There are almost no signs pointing the direction back to the motorway. You find yourself crossing the M1, but that's all. Joining the motorway is rather more difficult. As you meander around the highways and byways of South Yorkshire you get to see some lovely countryside, often more than once. "Are you sure you know where we are going?" "That pub looks familiar." "Are we going home today?" "Lots of sheep in South Yorkshire." "... and stone." "We've got to go to Gatwick tomorrow morning." "That's the THIRD time we've passed that pub."
Take your own bubblewrap and bags. The antiques centre had run out of both on the day we were there. :!:
Bernard C. 8)
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My goodness, you get around Bernard. The Alan Wicker of the glass world :P Next time I travel to Hull, I'll try and make a point of visiting Barnsley. It shouldn't be too far from the M62. (May be I'll take a survival kit - just in case I can't find that pub) :lol: . Interesting stuff about Lillicrap being linked to Wood Bros. and Barnsley.
By the way, I spent some time seeing if I could find anything out about Lillicrap. Urmston is only about 4 miles away from where I live, so I thought I'd find something in the Manchester local history section of the library. Absolutely ZILCH! He doesn't seem to be recognised (as far as I could make out) as one of 'Manchester's' famous Sons. Of course Urmston was swallowed up by the Manchester connurbation some time ago, but you would think that there would be a mention of him somewhere.
Bernard, if you would like the Lillicrap's hone that I have you are welcome to have it and I will send it to you. My son doesn't want it after all. I suspect because its uranium glass :roll: Email me if you do. I don't think I'll ever have personal need for it (at least I hope not) :lol:
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Anne — Your effort in looking up Joseph is both unexpected and delightful. My grateful thanks.
I've been doing some arithmetic. 500,000 hones over six years averages about 275 every working day, probably well within the capabilities of a single shift of a skilled glassmaking team, based on the material in Stewart & Stewart, Davidson Glass — a history. However, in real life, demand is not steady, and suffers from peaks and troughs. At peak periods of demand, production of three or four times this average would have been necessary, too much for one full shift. Hence I believe that two or more moulds would have been available for use simultaneously, and that is in addition to the replacement of moulds for reasons of wear and tear, and the two basic versions of the hone. Some years ago we identified three different moulds used for the Bagley square 3123 Fish Plate, which was made in comparatively tiny numbers. Who knows how many moulds were used for Joseph's hone? I can just imagine myself checking a hone and pronouncing that it is a "Modified type IX". You would all think that I had lost my marbles. I think that this is best left to a dedicated hone collector. Any volunteers?
Stewart & Stewart also reveals that Purchase Tax at the punitive rate of 33.3% was introduced in October 1940. So, in five years, Wood Bros had only increased the price from 1/- to 1/1½d, just 12.5%, or an annual rate of 2.38%, hardly excessive; the other 4½d being the new tax.
Bernard C. 8)
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...
Lillicrap's Hone was a simple and effective solution to this problem, not producing an edge of quite the sharpness of a new blade, but certainly one that would provide a close clean shave — I know as I tried it myself some years ago.
...
Bernard C. 8)
Thanks for the very interesting information, Bernard.
I acquired a Lillicrap's hone a few years ago and have long wondered about it's operation.
Did it require some kind of abrasive paste to operate or was the glass itself enough to keep an edge on a blade?
I imagine it would work better on older razor blades as they're likely made of harder steel these days.
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I would imagine just water is used to lubricate the surface, but being a little short in the hairy chin department (thank goodness ;D) someone hopefully will confirm.
I did find this on youtube - 'straight razor honing' http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YMV-KRFjDM0 which shows water being used.
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Quote from Bernard C’s reply#1 :
Wood Brothers produced a version for the USA that had a quite different inscription, with no mention of the European and British Empire patents, probably as a British design registration number was almost an open invitation for American glassworks to plagiarize. As Wood Bros was well known in America for laboratory equipment, this much simpler inscription featured their company name in large letters.
and from his reply #3:
I have yet to see the American version, although I did once see a photograph of one on eBay. Not a whisper yet of American, French, or German packaging and instruction leaflets.
Here is a photo of a hone (from the US) in unfrosted PINK glass. It is 2 ½ inches square, and bears the raised legends ‘CRYSTAL STROPPER’ and ‘PATENT APPLIED FOR’ - no mention of the Wood Bros. company name. The packaging indicates that the hone was made by or for the Crystal Stropper Co., Milton, Massachusetts.
(Permission for the re-use of this image on the GMB granted by Kathy McCarney).
I have seen several other examples, and they are all in unfrosted pink glass.
Here, however, is another example (also from the US) that is very similar in shape and size but made of unfrosted BLUE glass. The reverse of curved face of the hone bears raised advertising legend which, when seen through the face of the hone, reads “CLIX BLADES – CLIX always clicks!”.
(Permission fror the re-use of these images on the GMB granted by Karl Schweiz).
Fred.
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Lustrousstone will know how they're used.
Her OH uses a uranium hone regularly.
I'm not sure that steel is better these days than it was of old!
My experience is that it is not of such good quality - particularly when it comes to cutlery.
For many years now, I have been using "Firth Staybrite" stainless steel cutlery, following being given a set that originated from the '30s - it still looks brand bew.
A little bit of research and I found out that Firth Staybrite pre-dates and is the precursor to Old Hall.
It is SO hard that it only comes in a plain design, it cannot be moulded or shaped with patterns on it, so it fell out of favour as patterns became popular - but thay had to be made in a much less durable metal.
So the new stuff rusts. Firth Staybrite doesn't - (except for the knives, a little bit, sometimes)
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An American McKee Glass Safety Razor Hone made of milk glass from the McKee Glass Co. of Jeannette, PA. It is embossed on the back "McKEE GLASS SAFETY RAZOR HONE PAT APPLIED FOR." Measures 7/8 inch high, 2 13/16 inches wide and 2 1/4 inches deep, front to back. Thought to date from the late 1930s or the early 1940s.
(Permission for the re-use of these images on the GMB granted by Rick Caron).
…and a BON-HER Razor Blade Sharpener of black glass from the Bon-Her Co., 5852 W. Lake St., Chicago, Illinois. Printed paper label to the flat back.
(Permission for the re-use of these images on the GMB granted by pauldog).
Still no sign of an American Wood Bros. hone though.
Fred.
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For comparison, a photo of a Lillicrap’s hone in frosted green uranium glass complete with its original box and instruction sheet.
(Permission for the re-use of this image on the GMB granted by jerac2).
Fred.
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Just curious about to know about the price of Lillicrap Hone. Any Idea?
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hello, welcome to the GMB. Regret to say that contrary to some other forums where values are discussed, on the GMB we avoid the subject entirely, since valuations are an area of great personal interpretation, plus the fact that we're not professional appraisers of vintage or antique glass. Sorry to disappoint you.
You don't explain your reasons for wanting one ................ is it just to sharpen your razor blades :) or are you a collector of glass?
I've not seen one of these for several years, so no idea if they are particularly collectible at present, but it's possible that if you search the various on line auctions etc. you might find one for sale.
I notice what looks like an error regarding the British Registration No. quoted for the Lillicrap Hone, but I forget which one is correct. In the late Bernard Cavelot's Reply No. 1, he looks to be quoting this as 756250, but in much later references in this thread - and I notice on the pix of your hand written notes that you've posted - this is showing as 756950. I did have one some years back but now gone, so unsure which is right, and I can't find a book which gives the No.
There is a picture of one in Raymond Notley's paperback, but he doesn't give the Reg. No.
If you find one of these things, vastly larger than a Lillicrap example, and I've never seen one here ............ they were apparently marketed for resting the necks of corpses on whilst the deceased was on show in the coffin. When the lid was about to be sealed for the last time, this glass rest was removed, and being glass they were seen as hygienic .............. though not sure if this was a 'tall story' or genuine. :)
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There is an example currently on eBay UK and the pics are pretty good - looking at two of the images, the Rd number is definitely 756950. It has a Buy It Now price of UK£22.50.
eBay Item No 252713540430 (https://www.ebay.co.uk/itm/VINTAGE-ART-LILLICRAPS-GREEN-GLASS-KNIFE-SHARPENER-UNUSUAL-AND-INTERESTING-16-/252713540430)
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thanks Kevin - with confirmation of the Rd. No. correctly reading 756950, this now revises the date of Registration to c. 31.07.1930 - give or take a day ............. just thought it worth mentioning this in case anyone was charging off to Kew to look at the original factory drawing. ;)
The reason as to why this Registration doesn't appear in The Glass Association Blue Book list of Nos., for those items post Jenny Thompson, is not obvious, but might be due to the original application to the Board of Trade being allocated as CLASS IV, as happens occasionally. It would appear I've not seen this item in The National Archives, so will have a look when I next visit, but if I have posted previously, and forgotten, please someone shout.
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That's a silly price for a damaged one with no box or anything. Searching ebay is your best bet for prices but they aren't uncommon in the UK
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Paul, you posted a thread with pics (Lillicrap's Hone (https://www.glassmessages.com/index.php/topic,46954.msg264057.html#msg264057)) back in 2012, confirming the Rd No 756950 and Chrsitine added confirmation of the same number. But no reference to any Kew visit in that one.
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Image 07343 is non-uranium and bears no registration
Image 07122 is uranium green - all registration numbers
mkt, please note some mistakes in your list
Hope this helps :-*
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thanks again all - obviously my memory not what it should be :'( I doubt that the original drawing/s at Kew will be any more illuminating on this one, but just out of curiosity I will take some pix when next I'm there.
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Just to add a little information from the two that I've had, the hone with registration details measures 68 x 51 x 28mm, while the one without measures 70 x 54 x 30mm.
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I should also add that the first hone was uranium glass while the second was simply green glass, no uranium glow...