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Glass Discussion & Research. NO IDENTIFICATION REQUESTS here please. => British & Irish Glass => Topic started by: agincourt17 on December 09, 2013, 04:59:14 PM

Title: Davis, Greathead & Green, Stoubridge, piano insulator RD 119975, 20 May1859
Post by: agincourt17 on December 09, 2013, 04:59:14 PM
Glass piano insulators appear to have survived in profusion (but they were, after all, vitreous ‘lumps’ designed to take the partial weight of a piano). Found in a variety of shapes and colours, they are mostly anonymous, but some are found with identifying markings and a helpful few bear British design registration markings, thereby enabling precise attribution.

In a GMB discussion regarding a Thomas Dawkins / Percival, Yates & Vickers piano insulator with the registry date lozenge for 8 July 1859 (corresponding to RD 120613) at
http://www.glassmessages.com/index.php?topic=49980.new;topicseen#new
Paul Stirling posted as an addendum a British design representation from TNA for a not entirely dissimilar piano insulator RD 119975, registered to Davis, Greathead & Green of the Flint Glass Works, Stoubridge, on 20th May 1859 - Parcel 6 (see photo below).

A quick search of the online design registration summaries at TNA reveals that they registered  a total of eight designs between 1851 and 1859 as follows:

RD 80554 of 24 October 1851 – a basin ; address simply given as Stourbridge, Worcestershire.

RD 81078 of 24 October 1851 – salt cellar; address given as Brettell Lane, Staffordshire.

RD 89210 of 28 January 1853 – arm for gas; address Stourbridge.

RD 94728 of 21 January 1854 – no subject given; address Stourbridge.

RD 97191 of 14 October 1854 – no subject given; address given as Flint Glass Works, Stourbridge.

RD 99632 of 10 March 1855 – no subject given; address Flint Glass Works…

RD 100998 of 1 August 1855 – no subject given; address Flint Glass Works…

RD 119975 of 20 May 1859 – pianoforte insulator; address Flint Glass Works…

Does anyone actually have photos of a marked example of Davis, Greathead and Green’s RD 11975 piano insulator to show, please, or, for that matter, any other marked examples of pieces from the same registrants?

This was not a registrant or glasshouse that I had encountered previously so, as I have an interest in the history of Victorian glasshouses operating in the Stourbridge area, decided that they were worthy of further investigation, and I will post additional snippets of information.

Fred.
Title: Re: Davis, Greathead & Green, Stoubridge, piano insulator RD 119975, 20 May1859
Post by: agincourt17 on December 09, 2013, 05:01:57 PM
Davis, Greathead and Green, Stourbridge, 1850-1860.

Information extracted from Jason Ellis’s ‘Glassmakers of Stourbridge and Dudley 1612-2002…’, published by the author in 2002:

Benjamin Richardson credited Thomas Wheeley with having built two cones ‘near the long canal bridge in Brettell Lane and on the north side of the Stourbridge canal.’ There was one glass house with ten pots in 1796, and a second cone was added between 1812 and 1822. By 1834 Thomas Wheeler’s second eldest son, William Seager Wheeley, was running the glasshouse in partnership with his younger brother, John Wheeley, and John Davis, who lived near the works in Brettell Lane. The following year the products of the firm were ‘flint glass, plain and cut’. In the early 1840s, the partners were involved in a fraud scandal involving the excise duty on exported glass, and the business subsequently failed between 1841 and 1845.

John Davis escaped from the scandal, probably unaware of the fraud being perpetrated by his partners, although he was left with considerable debt. On 24 June 1846 John Davis leased the glassworks from William Seager Wheeley for twenty-one years. In 1850 Davis formed a partnership with William Greathead and Richard Green, with Davis essentially being the dominant partner.

Greathead had worked  for William Gammon, glass manufacturer of Aston , near Birmingham, then from 1836 to  1843 at Hawkes’ Dudley Flint glass works, the last two years as a partner. After the failure of Hawkes’ business, he then spent a further seven years at Badgers’ Phoenix Glassworks.

Richard Green was also very experienced having been in the glass trade since joining Hawkes’  in 1837 at the age of  fifteen .

The Great Exhibition of 1851, held in the Crystal palace in Hyde Park, gave the newly formed firm of Davis, Greathead and Green an excellent opportunity to display its ware. The official catalogue shows examples of their painted glass imitations of Greek pottery. Their exhibits included: “a great variety of vases, jars, and scent jars for holding flowers, &c. in the Egyptian, Etruscan and  Grecian styles;many of them cut, coated, gilt , painted in enamel colours, after the antique, with figures ornaments, flowers, landscapes , and marine views, of the following colours, viz. ruby, oriental blue, chrysoprase, turquoise, black, colour, opalescent blue, cornelian, opal frosted , pearl opal, mazareene blue, &c., Topaz, flints &c.”

In 1860, Davis, Greathead and Green vacated Brettell Lane glassworks and moved to Dial Glasshouses. The Brettell Lane glassworks was then altered  and used for a time as an ironworks; the glasshouse being known as ‘the old shell’. By 1882, probably much earlier, it became unsafe and was demolished. In 1934 Samuel Taylor & Son’s chain and anchor works covered the original site.

Fred.
Title: Re: Davis, Greathead & Green, Stoubridge, piano insulator RD 119975, 20 May1859
Post by: agincourt17 on December 09, 2013, 05:04:38 PM
Interestingly, Jason Ellis also tells us that, regarding Davis, Greathead and Green’s exhibits for the Great Exhibition of 1851:
‘Despite this varied output, as their glass was not marked, it is not possible to identify their products conclusively today. However, in May 1991, a pair of vases were identified and purchased  at Newark Antique Fair by Charles Hajdamach for Broadfield House Glass Museum directly matching a contemporary drawing from the 1851 Exhibition catalogue. They are tall vases in white opaque glass decorated in the Etruscan style.’

Hajdamach’s ‘British Glass 1800-1914’ shows the illustration of three vases by Davis, Gateshead and Green from the Exhibition  catalogue (page 141, plate 106), accompanied with a colour plate showing the actual vases purchased for Broadfield House (page 137, colour plate 13A). Oddly though, Hajdamach identifies Davis, Greathead and Green as operators of the Dial Glasshouse, Amblecote, though they did not actually operate from the Dial Glasshouse in 1851, only transferring their operations there from Brettell Lane in 1860.

I find it really surprising that Davis, Greathead and Green were able to gather such a diverse collection for presentation at the 1851 Exhibition considering that the partnership was less than a year old at that time. Here then is a Stourbridge glasshouse that barely merits a mention nowadays, yet was mixing it with the best in the industry whilst still in their business infancy.

Fred.
Title: Re: Davis, Greathead & Green, Stoubridge, piano insulator RD 119975, 20 May1859
Post by: agincourt17 on December 09, 2013, 06:51:58 PM
Davis, Greathead and Green at the New Dial Glasshouse, Audnam, 1860-1878.

The New Dial Glasshouse (which supplemented then replaced the nearby ‘Old’ Dial Glasshouse) was built by John Pidock in 1788, with two new cones – a large cone, 80 feet in diameter (although the height to which it was built is not known) for bottle glass, and a smaller cone for broad glass. It was in a prime position close to the turnpike but right on the bank of the Stourbridge canal (itself opened less than 10 years previously). Originally making bottles, crown and coloured glass, by 1853 the glassworks was offered for sale as a flint glassworks with a six-pot bottle house. It presumably stood unoccupied for seven years until it was let on 20 March 1860 to Davis, Greenhead and Green for twenty-one years at an annual rent of Ł200.

John Davis was the principal partner, as he had been at Brettell lane. In 1861 he employed sixty-nine men, sixteen boys and nine women, making him the second largest employer f the six main Stourbridge glassworks.

Richard Green left the partnership on 1st June 1865 to manufacture glass in Manchester.

William Greathead died on 26 February 1867. He left his estate to his widow, Anna Maria, nee Green . One of his executors was his brother-in-law and former partner, Richard Green. On 12th March 1869 Richard Green assigned the lease on Dial Glasshouses to John Davis. Davis now had sole responsibility for the business and the Ł200 per year lease payments.

The firm traded as John Davis & Co. from 1873, and in August 1875 he introduced members of his family to the partnership.

John Davis died in 1878.

Fred.
Title: Re: Davis, Greathead & Green, Stoubridge, piano insulator RD 119975, 20 May1859
Post by: chopin-liszt on December 09, 2013, 07:50:09 PM
What a lovely load of research you are compiling.   :)

I hope this thread will be put in the Archives when it is finished.
Title: Re: Davis, Greathead & Green, Stoubridge, piano insulator RD 119975, 20 May1859
Post by: agincourt17 on December 09, 2013, 08:14:32 PM
And there's more!

The Dial Glasshouse continued to operate under a series of proprietors, though the smaller of the two cones was turned into a foundry before 1886,  and in 1935 repair work was necessary to the glass cone and so the top was taken off being replaced with an interesting self-supporting 'Coolie hat' shaped roof. The cone base (complete with its 1788 datestone) is currently home to Plowden and Thompson who concentrate on high quality scientific glass, material supplies and prestige ‘Tudor Crystal’ tableware (though the assets of both companies were acquired in May 2012 by ET Enterprises Ltd, a manufacturer of photomultipliers. It is remarkable that the production of bespoke glass for research into nuclear physics is still taking place in a factory setting that glassmakers of two hundred years ago would have immediately recognised.

Photos of the Dial Glass works viewed from the canalside pre- and post-1935, showing the truncation of the glass cone.

The location of the glasshouse can be viewed online at DY8 4YN, with Google maps streetview showing the entrance to the Plowden & Thompson cone base at the western end of Stewkins.

Fred.
Title: Re: Davis, Greathead & Green, Stoubridge, piano insulator RD 119975, 20 May1859
Post by: agincourt17 on December 09, 2013, 08:17:59 PM
So far, i've been unable to find any kind of specific reference to the output of the Dial Glasshouse whilst under the auspices of Davis, Greathead and Green.

Does anyone have any information that might fill the gaps?

Fred.
Title: Re: Davis, Greathead & Green, Stoubridge, piano insulator RD 119975, 20 May1859
Post by: Paul S. on December 09, 2013, 09:07:01 PM
I would agree with Sue  -  compliments of outstanding magnitude to Fred for the time and effort taken to provide what must be an original compilation on the history of these references.             Just keep taking the asprin and coffee Fred ;)

Just to let you know I'll try and get to Kew in the next 5 - 7 days.
Title: Re: Davis, Greathead & Green, Stoubridge, piano insulator RD 119975, 20 May1859
Post by: flying free on December 10, 2013, 04:42:25 PM
Fred, I'd been wondering the same - that they were mentioned and pictured in the Great Exhibition record, but that the glasshouse was so 'young' and seemingly so little information on it compared to the various Webbs and Richardson.
I've been looking on and off regarding their 'Etruscan' vases because I'm curious to know who might have enamelled them and the similarities they seem to have with apparent Webb Etruscan vases enamelled by Mr Giller (outlines of drawings by Mr Battam).  If I find out any more I'll post.

edited to add - apologies, I meant to also say thank you for sharing all your information.
m
Title: Re: Davis, Greathead & Green, Stoubridge, piano insulator RD 119975, 20 May1859
Post by: flying free on December 10, 2013, 05:25:41 PM
http://www.greathead.org/greathead2-o/p104.htm
you have seen this though Fred?

In it, I noticed that it says
'... .  William was listed as the head of the family of on the census of 7 April 1861 in Dennis Park, Amblecote, Birmingham, Warwickshire, England, William was a flint glass manufacturer.10 ...'
I never got any further with that but wondered what flint glass had to do with Etruscan vases in opaline glass?
What does 'flint glass manufacturer' mean?
m
Title: Re: Davis, Greathead & Green, Stoubridge, piano insulator RD 119975, 20 May1859
Post by: flying free on December 10, 2013, 05:40:07 PM
please see my post just above this one
 reference your request for output of Davis Greathead and Green from when they were at the New Dial Glasshouse (from 1860)

and also this:
http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=s9w8AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA178&lpg=PA178&dq=davis+greathead+and+green&source=bl&ots=hucXSkYYBW&sig=pSZdkdbGqAVzs5CtZPnvQ5aCM5M&hl=en&sa=X&ei=ek2nUsuEIOGt7QbxhoDICg&ved=0CGgQ6AEwCA#v=onepage&q=davis%20greathead%20and%20green&f=false
In the link it mentions the makers represented at the 1851 exhibition including  Davis Greathead and Green but then says that in the 1862 exhibition the only ones represented from 'the district were Chance Brothers of Spon Lane and W.J. Hodgetts of Wordsley'.
m
Title: Re: Davis, Greathead & Green, Stoubridge, piano insulator RD 119975, 20 May1859
Post by: flying free on December 10, 2013, 06:49:43 PM
with regards Davis Greathead and Green moving to the New Dial Glass House in 1860 and it possibly laying empty from 1853 until the lease was signed in 1860 for 21 years, this site (  http://www.holytrinityamblecote.org.uk/glassmakers.html  )  says:
'William Greathead (1799-1867)
Born in Louth in Lincolnshire he worked for William Gammon of Aston in Birmingham. He came to work in Dudley in 1839 and went into partnership with Dudley MP Thomas Hawkes in 1841. In 1850 he helped form Davis, Greathead and Green in Brettell Lane a company which exhibited at the Great Exhibition of 1851. In 1853 the firm moved to the Dial Glassworks.'


I don't know what the source was for that, but perhaps they'd moved there in 1853 and then a lease was signed for 21 years in 1860?

my underlining.
m
Title: Re: Davis, Greathead & Green, Stoubridge, piano insulator RD 119975, 20 May1859
Post by: flying free on December 10, 2013, 07:20:26 PM
In answer to my question on  flint glass
this information here  ( http://archive.org/stream/illustratedrecor00shaf/illustratedrecor00shaf_djvu.txt  ) states:

[i]'Mr. Apsley Pellatt, the talented reporter on the Glass Section, informs us, that the
masters of his craft divide glass into simple and compound
. The former contains
only silica and flux, this flux being either soda, potash, lime, magnesia, alumina, or
mixtures of some of them : in which case, the glass is simply a silicate of an alkali. To



INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION. 71

this "simple" glass belong plate, window, and bottle glass of every description.
" Compound glass," besides these simple elements of silica and alkali, contains also
the oxide of a metal ; and it is known among us as flint-glass, and on the continent
as crystal.
It is employed for articles of luxury and domestic use. The oxide is
introduced to give more refractive power to the glass, by not allowing the rays to
pass through so freely as in simple glass, and the result is much greater brilliancy in
the metal. This flint-glass, wdiich is employed for achromatic purposes, and for
articles of luxury, requires the utmost attention of the manufacturer, as its quality is
of the highest importance. There is some difficulty in procuring the materials in a
state of perfect purity, and, perhaps, a greater difficulty in regulating the escape of
oxygen, while the elements are in a state of fusion. We are told, that " deoxidation
alone, supposing all the materials to be perfectly pure, will affect the colour of flint-
glass ;" and that "if oxygen be not supplied, the materials, when fused, will produce,
not a white, but a green tinted glass." It is for the purpose of retaining the requisite
amount of oxygen, that the black oxide of manganese is employed in the manufac-
ture of flint, as this substance has a strong affinity for oxygen, parting with it very
slowly, and not until it has escaped from the other ingredients of the metal.
A danger exists, on the other hand, of the glass being injured by the excess of
oxygen, in which case it receives a light-purple tint, and acquires a more frangible
character. '[/i]

my underlining

m
Title: Re: Davis, Greathead & Green, Stoubridge, piano insulator RD 119975, 20 May1859
Post by: agincourt17 on December 10, 2013, 08:06:04 PM
Thank you for the informative links, Sue & m.

I think it’s unlikely that Davis, Greathead and Green moved to the Dial Glasshouse in 1853. The contractual terms of leases meant that were not easily shed or transferred, and there seems to be no record of a different leasholder or proprietor(s) at the Brettell Lane glasshouse between 1853 and 1860. Neither was a glass manufacturer likely to be a leaseholder simultaneously at two geographically distant sites – the costs and logistics involved were not normally conducive to business efficiency or profitability. Moreover, there seems to be no record of any kind of agreement (perhaps a simple rental contract ), commercial transactions, or gazetteer entries for them at the Dial Glasshouse before 1860.

As to William Greathead describing himself a ‘flint glass manufacturer’:

The most common type of glass produced throughout much of Europe for hundreds of years was soda-lime glass It is composed of about 70% silica, (silicon dioxide), 15% soda, and 9 percent lime, with much smaller amounts of various other compounds. The soda serves as a flux to lower the temperature at which the silica melts, and the lime acts as a stabilizer for the silica. Silica, in the form of sand, and limestone were abundant nearly everywhere. Soda ash was readily obtained from hardwood forests, though Venetian glassmakers favoured potash produced by burning seaweed. Soda-lime glass is inexpensive, chemically stable, reasonably hard, and extremely workable, because it is capable of being resoftened a number of times if necessary to finish an article. These qualities make it suitable for manufacturing a wide array of glass products, including bottles, windowpanes, and (increasingly from the 1850s) press-moulded glass.

Certainly what the Victorians would have called flint glass, we would probably now simply refer to as Crystal, or Lead Crystal, heavy and durable glass characterized by its brilliance, clarity, highly refractive quality (especially when decorated by cutting or engraving), and usually having that characteristic ‘ring’ when struck. Originally developed by George Ravenscroft in 1675, the first clear crystal he produced used calcined flint as a base, but it decayed after a period of time. This fault was usually overcome by adding lead oxide to produce lead crystal. (“Flint glass” thus became a synonymous term for lead crystal, though flint is no longer part of its composition). It ushered in a new style in glassmaking and eventually made England the leading glass producer of the world.

So, I think Greathead would have referred to himself as a manufacturer of flint glass partially as a statement of enhanced status to imply that the glassware that he and his partners produced was of particularly high quality (and hence likely to be more stylish, luxurious and decorative, and, of course, correspondingly more expensive, than everyday, common-or-garden utilitarian domestic glassware). By contrast, lots of other glasshouses of the day (and their proprietors) described themselves as manufacturers of bottle, broad or crown glass (both types of window glass).

By the same tokens, a manufacturer of sophisticated opaline glassware decorated in the Etruscan style was more likely to have been from a background of flint glass production than that of bottle, crown, broad, or pressed glass, though the production of many different types of glassware often occurred within the precincts of a single glasshouse.

Fred.
Title: Re: Davis, Greathead & Green, Stoubridge, piano insulator RD 119975, 20 May1859
Post by: flying free on February 12, 2014, 04:13:15 PM
Fred I'm sorry, I didn't see this post and haven't thanked you for taking the time to type it all out and reply.

I just came across this - have you seen this document?
Dial Glassworks information from 1747 (on page 5 of the document.)
And also information on Dial early 1800's page 8
http://www.broseley.org.uk/miscfiles/GlassHist.pdf
and on page 10 there is further ownership information up to the late 1840's .
m
Title: Re: Davis, Greathead & Green, Stoubridge, piano insulator RD 119975, 20 May1859
Post by: chopin-liszt on February 12, 2014, 04:28:38 PM
I did not provide any links, informative or otherwise - it is ALL flying-free's work, all credit to the lovely m.  :-*
Title: Re: Davis, Greathead & Green, Stoubridge, piano insulator RD 119975, 20 May1859
Post by: agincourt17 on February 12, 2014, 04:42:45 PM
Thank you for the link, m.

I was vaguely aware of it, and much of the information is found in Jason Ellis’s book.

Fred
Title: Re: Davis, Greathead & Green, Stoubridge, piano insulator RD 119975, 20 May1859
Post by: agincourt17 on January 14, 2016, 01:08:30 PM
A kind lady (who wishes to remain anonymous, but lives in a small country town in Australia) has sent me some nice photos to show of the elusive Davis, Greathead and Green RD 11975 piano insulator in green uranium glass.

She notes "that it doesn't have exactly the shape as that shown in the design registration representation, the sides being more upright.   It's also a rather small item - diameter at base is 9cm, but height is just 3cm at the sides and quite thin in the centre."
 
Fred.
Title: Re: Davis, Greathead & Green, Stoubridge, piano insulator RD 119975, 20 May1859
Post by: agincourt17 on January 23, 2016, 08:56:53 PM
Like buses, nothing comes along for ages, then two come along together…

Some photos now of the Davis, Greathead & Green RD 99632 of 10 March 1855 – Parcel 3, which turns out to be a very nice pedestal bowl (presumably a sugar bowl) in part frosted heavy press-moulded glass (top rim diameter 14.5cm and height 12.5cm). The underside of the foot rim is ground flat.

(Permission for the re-use of these images on the GMB granted by Nigel Deakin).

The base of the bowl interior bears the appropriate registry date lozenge for 10 March 1855 PLUS the embossed registration number 99632 adjacent. I think that this is the first time that I have seen a piece marked with a lozenge AND the corresponding registration number  - does anyone else know of pieces with such dual RD marks, please?

Also interesting is that fact that Davis, Greathead and Green were produced press-moulded glass pieces at such an early date and in the Stourbridge area too ( which is much better known for the production of hand-blown glass items, of course). The only other glass works in the Stourbridge area that I know produced press-moulded glassware in any quantity was Joseph Webb (and later his wife, Jane Webb, & his executors) at the Coalbourn Hill Glass Works.

Fred.
Title: Re: Davis, Greathead & Green, Stoubridge, piano insulator RD 119975, 20 May1859
Post by: Paul S. on January 24, 2016, 03:27:13 PM
I'm a big fan of Wendy Cope's poem too...... ;)

attached is a watermarked image of The National Archives original drawing for Davis, Greathead & Green's Rd. 99632 from 10th March 1855 - with the usual loss of clarity, but think it's good enough to see most details.

Kew reference for the Representation (images) is BT 43/61  -  this is the largest single grouping of images of all the pre 1884 books  -  it covers the period April 1852 to September 1870 - something like 18 years or thereabouts.................   the other pre 1884 groups run out at about 10, 9 and 5 years.........   thus giving the total of four Representation books.

The Register reference is the single book BT 44/7 which covers the entire lozenge period, and contains details of CLASS III items (glass) only.
Title: Re: Davis, Greathead & Green, Stoubridge, piano insulator RD 119975, 20 May1859
Post by: flying free on January 24, 2016, 04:44:26 PM
Thank you for posting and making these images Paul.  It's a weird mind-trick,  but when I see the images on their own I find it extremely hard to imagine what the glass actually might look like, but then as soon as the real piece is side by side with the image they look exactly the same and I wonder why I couldn't imagine it before.

m
Title: Re: Davis, Greathead & Green, Stoubridge, piano insulator RD 119975, 20 May1859
Post by: agincourt17 on January 24, 2016, 05:31:45 PM
Thank you for posting the design representation for RD 99632 , Paul - a great help, as always.

Fred.
Title: Re: Davis, Greathead & Green, Stoubridge, piano insulator RD 119975, 20 May1859
Post by: LinzC on March 17, 2021, 09:44:35 PM
It's not a particularly good image, but the V&A have one of the Rd 119975 piano insulators in their collection.

https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O2434/piano-foot-davis-greathead-and/
Title: Re: Davis, Greathead & Green, Stoubridge, piano insulator RD 119975, 20 May1859
Post by: thewingedsphinx on February 16, 2023, 02:53:35 PM
Colours For reference as I just found a nice dark blue one although unmarked it matches the other 3 I have which come with a lozenge. Regards Mike

I’ve also seen one in amethyst.
Title: Re: Davis, Greathead & Green, Stoubridge, piano insulator RD 119975, 20 May1859
Post by: flying free on February 16, 2023, 10:06:01 PM
Lovely collection :)  - these are so architectural.
m
Title: Re: Davis, Greathead & Green, Stoubridge, piano insulator RD 119975, 20 May1859
Post by: NevB on July 31, 2024, 01:09:27 PM
And another one!