a similar result - and again only temporary - can be achieved a little easier by simply applying a very thin film of silicone grease to the surface in question........ the advantage is that it doesn't evaporate, at least not in the short term - but as mentioned probably not safe to apply to drinking glasses.
If you look back in the Board's archives, we must have spilled gallons of ink on this subject, with little to show for it other than professional treatment being the only real solution. Acid washes will remove a micron or two of glass, smoothing the corroded glass surface and returning it to something like its original condition, although pieces with engraving or some other forms of decoration may not be suitable.
Lime scale can be removed by immersing in one of the proprietary WC lime scale liquids, but think I came to the conclusion that the moment you start to scour a surface which has some lime scale, then you run the risk of scratching the surface, and adding to the problem.
I bought one of these products recently, for the toilet, and it worked a treat - removing substantial and stubborn amounts of scale - but of course had the item been of glass and not glazed ceramic, then damage to the surface may well have already been done. There must be something in lime scale that is corrosive to the surface of glass.
Obvious to say it of course, but making a point of cleaning a vase thoroughly after each flowery occasion, will prevent the build up of scale.
Hard water areas are probably the most problematic - I'm not sure you get scale with soft water.
Sorry, should have added .... acid must never be used as a home treatment - requires professional knowledge and can be very dangerous.