We're talking two sorts of bubbles now. Very regular "arranged" bubbles of any size can be made with a tool. Completely random bubbles are made using a powdered "something" mixed into the glass that either vaporises with heat or reacts when heated to produce a gas. The "something", the size of the something powder and the degree of mixing depend on the effect you want to achieve. Fairly regular bubbles in a pattern can be created by laying down a powder pattern on the marver and then casing it in hot glass, where again a gas forms to create bubbles.