Hi and welcome.

We were all beginners once. The only way to find out is to ask questions and handle as much glass as you can. Get the feel of each piece in your hands.
Your spotty vase confused me. It looks spot on for contemporary Chinese, then it has a rather more complicated base that doesn't. I stayed quiet becasue I was confused.
I'm also clueless about this bottle. It's quite a big thing, so it's similarity to modern somewhat mass produced perfume bottles is leading me astray. It's older than those, I suspect.
That sort of strapping where it digs into the metal of the bottle is quite sophisticated work.
Sadly, you seem to be missing the stopper and you have a big crack across the bottom.
But it's something you can learn from.
Just for a start, tap it with your fingernail and listen to the dull thud you get. That is the noise a cracked bottle will make. Compare it to the "ting" you get on a whole piece, watch out for a long ring rather than a ting, indicating the possibility of crystal and better quality.
Can you see any age related wear around the base, where it would have been sitting somewhere and moved around?
If it sits on just a tiny ring of glass, run your fingernail around that ring. You'll feel tiny bits of wear you can't see.
Watch out for fake wear.
I hope somebody else will be able to give you more information, the pieces you have shown are not really my area.
We will ease you into true full-blooded glass addiction, very gently. You will be hooked before you know it.